Lead acid batteries have a long history and mature technology. The only shortcomings are their large weight, low energy density, and slow charging. The first two are not a big problem for two wheeled electric vehicle users, and everyone can accept them. The most troublesome thing is slow charging. A set of 60V20Ah batteries, charged with a regular 2-3A charger, must take 9-10 hours to fully charge, and it takes a whole night to charge.
If this is used normally and there is suddenly an urgent matter to go out, it will be extremely urgent. So the question is, can we increase the charging speed? The answer is affirmative. 10A high current chargers have already appeared on the market, with a working current of generally around 7-10A. The charging current is 2-3 times that of a typical original factory charger, and it can indeed run 3-5 kilometers after ten minutes of charging.
A set of 60V20Ah batteries, charged with a 10A charger, can be fully charged in 2 hours. However, many friends are also worried that frequent rapid charging may have adverse effects on lead-acid batteries and affect their service life?
In order to study the effect of fast charging on lead-acid batteries, a well-known battery laboratory in China conducted a six-month continuous charging and discharging experiment. We have prepared two new sets of lead-acid batteries, one simulating normal charging (3A) and the other simulating fast charging (10A). The experimental results are as follows
The green line represents the capacity change of lead-acid batteries charged with normal current. The initial capacity is 100%. At the end of the experiment, the battery underwent 369 charging and discharging cycles, and the battery capacity remained at 76% of the initial capacity; The red line represents the change in battery capacity using a 10A high current fast charging battery. After 243 charging and discharging cycles, the battery capacity has dropped to 58% of the initial capacity. It can be seen that the cycle life of the battery after fast charging is greatly reduced.
When charging lead-acid batteries, lead sulfate reacts with water to produce lead dioxide and sulfuric acid, while accompanied by the electrolysis of water to produce oxygen and hydrogen. By using fast charging, the electrolysis reaction of water intensifies, causing the battery to lose water and dry, while generating a large amount of heat, which can cause the battery to bulge and deform. In severe cases, the battery can be scrapped, and in severe cases, it can cause safety accidents such as fires.
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